India And Pakistan


 
 
Concept Explanation
 

India And Pakistan

India And Pakistan: Pakistan as a nation was created in 1947. At the time of independence, Pakistan consisted of West Pakistan (the current Pakistan) and East Pakistan (the current Bangladesh). India and Pakistan have shared a strained relationship ever since the accession of Jammu and Kashmir to India. Pakistan tried to liberate Kashmir, and it ended in armed conflict between the two countries. The UN ordered a ceasefire on 1 January 1948 and Pakistan had to withdraw its troops from Indian land. However, it continues to hold part of Jammu and Kashmir. This territory is now called Pakistan Occupied Kashmir (POK ) by India and Azad Kashmir by Pakistan. In July 1972, the Simla Accord was signed between India and Pakistan. Both countries agreed to settle their differences peacefully through negotiation, and trade and diplomatic relation were re-established between two nations.

Seeds of conflict during independence

  • About half a million Muslims and Hindus were killed in communal riots following the partition of British India.
  • Millions of Muslims living in India and Hindus and Sikhs living in Pakistan emigrated in one of the most colossal transfers of population in the modern era.
  • Both countries accused each other of not providing adequate security to the minorities emigrating through their territory. This served to increase tensions between the newly born countries.
  • According to the British plan for the partition of British India, all the 680 princely states were allowed to decide which of the two countries to join.
  • With the exception of a few, most of the Muslim-majority princely-states acceded to Pakistan while most of the Hindu-majority princely states joined India.
  • However, the decisions of some of the princely-states would shape the Pakistan-India relationship considerably in the years to come. (Jinnah and Mahatma Gandhi engaged in heated conversation image show the relation between India and Pakistan).
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